First of all, the moderator, John King,
asked Gingrich the wrong question. Does he want to respond to his ex-wife?
Of course not! The question should have been about the hypocrisy of
carrying on this affair while leading the charge to impeach Bill
Clinton and marketing himself as a family values politician.
Secondly, Gingrich knows how to work a room full of Elephants: by
appealing to their contempt for the news media, in this case for ABC
and CNN.
On January 17, Public Policy Polling released its second annual survey of trust in the TV news media. It
was a telephone survey with 700 respondents and a marging of error of
+ or -3.7%. For each of eight networks, participants were asked
whether they trusted it, did not trust it, or were not sure. Their
press release stressed that PBS had the highest overall ratings, and
that Fox News was both the most and least trusted news outlet.
However, as Kevin Drum of Mother Jones pointed out, the most interesting finding involves a
comparison between conservatives, moderates and liberals. Liberals
and moderates trusted all the networks except Fox, while
conservatives trusted only Fox.
I constructed the table below by
subtracting the percentage who distrusted each network from the
percentage who trusted it. Thus a positive number indicates that the
majority in that ideological group trusted that network, while a
negative number (or shaded cell) indicates a majority distrusted it.
(To make the table fit, I omitted Comedy Central and MSNBC, but they
showed the same pattern as the other five non-canine networks.) The
results show that conservatives differ greatly from liberals and
moderates, but liberals and moderates do not differ very much. Do
conservatives live in a different world from other Americans?
ABC
|
CBS
|
CNN
|
NBC
|
PBS
|
Fox
|
|
Very liberal
|
43
|
25
|
64
|
64
|
60
|
-57
|
Liberal
|
32
|
45
|
43
|
53
|
64
|
-49
|
Moderate
|
39
|
38
|
34
|
45
|
55
|
-27
|
Conservative
|
-44
|
-41
|
-30
|
-40
|
-11
|
47
|
Very conservative
|
-66
|
-68
|
-61
|
-66
|
-45
|
70
|
Cognitive psychologists have identified two types of rationality: instrumental
and epistemic.
Instrumental rationality refers to behaving in such a way as to
maximize the chances of getting what you want, or in other words,
making the choice with the highest expected utility. For example, if
your goal is to make money on the stock market, do you choose stocks
that increase in value? Epistemic rationality refers to how well
your beliefs correspond with reality. Claiming not to “believe”
in global warming or evolution is a failure of epistemic rationality.
Bill Maher was talking about epistemic rationality when he quipped
that Gov. Jon Huntsman—now out of the race—was the only one of
the Elephant presidential candidates who believes that when an apple
falls out of a tree, it hits the ground.
I certainly don't want to imply that
all the other TV networks except Fox are free of errors and biases.
News bias is difficult to measure, since there is usually no absolute
standard of accuracy with which to compare a news story.
Available research suggests that journalists, with the exception of
Fox, are slightly to the left of the public on social issues, and
slightly to the right of the public with respect to economics and
foreign policy.
Centrism can also be a bias. One
symptom of centrist bias is false balancing, in which the news media,
apparently trying to be fair, claim that liberals and conservatives,
Jackasses and Elephants, are equally extreme in their opinions, or
routinely engage in equal amounts of deviant behavior. But if
examples are given, they often show that the two sides are not really
equivalent. Carrying a loaded gun to a political rally, for example,
is not the same as carrying a rude sign.
For better or worse, the nightly
network news represents a social consensus about what the most
important events of the day were and what they mean. People who call
themselves moderates find these newscasts, with the exception of Fox,
to be largely trustworthy. So do liberals. By this criterion,
conservatives live in an alternate universe from the one occupied by
moderates and liberals.
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